I used the package manager to upgrade the kernel to 3.0.0-15-generic in my laptop, yesterday evening and when I tried to boot into Windows this morning, I couldn't: there was no Windows entry in the Grub Boot Menu.
After a bit of cursing, when I finally calmed down, I realized what had happened. When a new kernel is installed, a new grub configuration file (grub.cfg) file will be generated and this is based, I think, on the output of os-prober, but, and this is crucial, because my Windows installation is encrypted, the installation is not detected and thus missed off the new grub configuration file.
In order to rectify this, I had to manually edit the grub configuration file (/boot/grub/grub.cfg) and add, following the last menuentry entry, this entry:
menuentry "Windows" {
set root='(hd0,1)'
chainloader +1
}
If your Windows installation is in another partition, then you'll need to modify the second line, e.g. set root='(hd1,1)' for the first partition of your second hard drive.
Do be careful when modifying /boot/grub/grub.cfg as you could end up when a non booting system and bear in mind that if you run update-grub2, this file will be overwritten, with whatever grub detects.